Algebra in Daily Life Essay

1. Algebra is a method of calculating using simple equations to represent quantity and to show relation between them. Algebra is also a part of our life, we use it on measuring the length of our table,notebooks,doors and other more. Another concept of mine is measuring capacity,In school we always measure the right amount of ingredients that we cook. Because to an culinary student like me we are showing how to measure the exact amount of ingredients that we gonna use.Scientific notation can be used in Chemistry,Chemistry uses equations of algebra. Like adding,subtracting,multiplying and dividing scientific notation. In mixture problems, we are using it to know how many water are on the gallons.We always buy water , in that case we need mixture problems. 2. â€Å"Mathematics is one of the first things you learn in life. Even as a baby you learn to count. Starting from that tiny age you will start to learn how to use building blocks how to count and then move on to drawing objects and figures. All of these things are important preparation to doing algebra.† 3. When writing any assignments the use of graphs, data and math will validate your statements and make it appear more professional. Professionalism is of the essence if you want to move ahead and be taken seriously. Can you see the importance of algebra? Your day can be made a lot easier with planning. In financial decisions this can save you a lot of finances or maybe get you the best price available. It all comes down to planning and using the knowledge and algebraic skills you have to benefit your own life. Use the key you have and make your life a lot smoother. 4. Algebra is one of the most important subjects someone can learn. It is a subject that transfers into daily life, often without anyone even realizing it. Unlike English or History classes, Algebra can be put straight to use once learned. It is one of the most versatile subjects there is. Algebra can be anything from calculating the amount of money you’ve spent on your grocery shopping, keeping track of the calories you have in your diet, and designing structural plans for a building. Going shopping and frequenting stores can often get out of hand and confusing as to how much things cost or to how much you saved on an item. Algebra can help you to configure all of these things and also save you from making any costly mistakes. Many items in grocery stores are often on sale at some point or another whether it be 10% percent to 50% and a lot of times people don’t know how much they are saving on any particular item. Algebra simply allows a person to calculate all of these things. Algebra is also a convenient skill to possess when it comes to dieting and recipes. Counting the number of carbohydrates or calories and keeping track of them can get overwhelming at times and a person can get confused. Algebra can help you to see how many calories you have had and also it can help you calculate how many you are able to have in the future. Cooking is also another skill that is associated with algebra. Adding and subtracting ingredients, figuring out the amount of time something has to cook, and also how to serve a food evenly all have to do with algebra. Architecture is a skill that has a lot to do with numbers as well. It is very important to know exactly how long everything is, how much weight something can take, and the dimensions of every minute detail. If an architect doesn’t know the answers to these, not only will the structure be wrong but the building could also be a safety hazard.

Theatre in America During the 1930s.

Theatre in America during the 1930s. During the 1930s, the American Dream had become a nightmare because of the Great Depression. The sudden drop in stock exchange had threatened the land. What was once the land of optimism, had become the land of despair. The promise for success was clearly not fulfilled. Americans started to question and blame the government (rebelling). Society had led to a theatre that was politically and socially conscious The vision of the American Dream is broad, everyone is free, equal and has limitless opportunities. â€Å"Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† is what the American strives for.No one is oppressed or starved and nothing can stop a person from their ambitions. Hard work to improve one’s position in life is promoted. This is the ideal life of an American citizen, but sadly, this wasn’t the case in the 1930s. â€Å"†¦income of the average American family was reduced by 40%, from $2,300 to $1,500. Instead of advanc ement, survival became the keyword. Institutions, attitudes, lifestyles changed in this decade but democracy prevailed. †-(www. kclibrary. lonestar. edu/decade30. html) Although this was happening, people did what they could to make their lives happy. Parlor games, board games and movies were popular.Movie houses opened as theatres closed down. Group theatre was considered â€Å"the most distinguished acting company of the 1930s and modelled on the Moscow Acting Theatre. † – (Dramatic Arts textbook, pg 210) The birth of professional American Theatre begun with the Lewis Hallam troupe during 1752. Theatre was for those who were interested in a theatre which reflected political and social ideals, e. g. Tennessee Williams (T. W). Broadway, Group Theatre and Theatrical Realism was incorporated into T. W’s book, The Glass Menagerie. The Glass Menagerie is partly autobiographical because Tom represents the author as well.Tom is basically the memory to T. Wâ€⠄¢s youth. Although T. W writes of his past, he also focuses on the socio-political issues of the American life. Tom’s mother, Amanda Wingfield, is the perfect example of the â€Å"negative† in the American Dream. She forces the American Dream upon her children and this suffocates them. In scene 3, Amanda and Tom fight, then Tom ends up calling her a witch. Amanda is still having a hard time coming to the new terms of her status in society because she grew up in a home of social fortune. But she does cause the problem between herself and Tom.

Four key Elements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Four key Elements - Essay Example The economic costs of the disaster was estimated to be more than $ 150 million since the disaster impacted in more than 90,000 square miles destroying property in Mississippi and Louisiana (Schneider, 2011). The key four elements of disaster response showed incapacity in addressing fire outbreaks, engaged in haphazard evacuation and inappropriate assembly points of the victims. The state and federal agencies lacked coordination and proper communication systems of identifying hazards and coordinating the response and recovery efforts after the disaster (Cooper & Block, 2007). Resources from state and federal agencies The state and federal agencies were not adequately prepared for the disaster since the collapse of man-made levees led to destruction of more than 90 percent of utility infrastructure and lethal pollution. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) lacked adequate emergency response mechanism and proper chains of command. FEMA experienced multiple challenges including deployment of personnel, deployment of command system, poor communication and coordination of search and rescue efforts (Levitt & Whitaker, 2009). FEMA did not establish a joint field office and failed in assisting in the deployment of medical assistance teams. Both New Orleans office of Emergence Preparedness and Louisiana Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness (LOSHEP) lacked enough personnel and experience in disaster management (Cooper & Block, 2007). New Orleans Police department was trapped in water thus making it difficult to provide communication and warning signs to the citizens. Existing laws also limited the Department of Defense authority is responding. The Departent of of Health and Human services (HHS) was slow in the response and coordination of public health services following the disaster. The department lacked enough personnel in the treatment of ill citizens, assuring citizens of the safety of food and environment (Levitt & Whitaker, 2009). First responders Most of the first responders were local citizens who just watched the disaster from rooftops and trees. The first responders failed to communicate or switch off the electricity. There was a breakdown in communication systems due to damage of the cell phone towers and radio antennas. The available police officers had to communicate on two radio channels thus delaying the issue of critical information (Levitt & Whitaker, 2009). Secondary emergency services Most of the secondary emergency services entailed National Guard troops and other secondary emergency response units such as NGOs like Red Cross contributed in the clean up and relocation of the victims (Schneider, 2011). The NGOs were instrumental in offering food reliefs, medication and shelter to the evacuated victims. Humanitarian organizations also provided blood donations, counseling services and logistical supplies. Private sector resources The private sector resources responded adequately to Hurricane Katrina. The private sector resources were utilized in all operations including evacuation, search and rescue, temporary shelters and medical response (Schneider, 2011). Private fire-fighting companies and security companies helped in evacuation, rescue and search missions. In addition, pharmaceutical companies assisted in providing cheap medicines (Levitt & Whitaker, 2009). Alternative actions that may result in positive outcomes In the future, the state and federal agencies must

Head Collaborative Cultures and Organizational Competence Article

Head Collaborative Cultures and Organizational Competence - Article Example The informal coming allows teachers to improve teaching and learning. The author concludes that collaborative culture is based on close cooperation between all members of the group and team. Also, Sergiovanni underlines the importance of leadership and management in teaching practice. Teachers and administrators need to recognize where they fit in and what it takes to get along in this culture and the society (institutions, roles, relationships, structures) which has arisen from and in turn affects this culture. A special role played by division directors who control and manage all resources and teaching process.     Ã‚  Ã‚   The main principles of successful organizing are the principle of cooperation, the principles of empowerment, the principle of accountability and the principle of responsibility.  Ã‚   From this perspective, schooling is at heart a cultural-social event and only makes sense if the cultural circumstance, over time, including projections into the future, is taken into account. All this is to say that often what is going on in education is school people talking to one another with inadequate attention to what America is about or where America has come from. It is important to stress this commitment to freedom because we have grown up in a time in which there has been both political and social concern for issues of social justice and equity of treatment and outcome. Also important is the ability to take powerful action alone and in collaboration with others. Without efficacy, without the ability to make things happen, an individual is not free. Opportunity and capacity are important ingredients of successful performance. These factors are supported and related to such issues as trust among group members, group identity, and group efficiency. The author sums up that team approach is successful because it helps to maintain trust and cooperation atmosphere among all members.   Individualism, in sum, encourages one to be the one-of-a-kind person he or she is. But important to remember, in this culture individualism is more a matter of extending an invitation and granting of an opportunity than providing assurance that one will actually live out one's uniqueness. At best, education in this country is of a kind that encourages and contributes to the development of individual persons, not walking cliches or interchangeable cogs in a social/cultural machine.

Investigation and evaluation of Organisation Value Strategies and how Dissertation

Investigation and evaluation of Organisation Value Strategies and how these are supported by modern Technology - Dissertation Example Any other person who uses this work should acknowledge it accordingly. Student's Signature: Date: Contents Introduction The success of an organization is highly dependent on its values and strategies used to attain those values. For an organization to be competitive, it must have a well- established business strategy that will be pivotal in helping it achieve its values. Values are the ones that guide the activities of organizations. Values can be defined as the good or worthwhile traits and qualities within the organization. They are indicators of the highest priorities of the organization. They are the ones that drive the organization towards achieving its objectives. Within an organization, value statements dictate the manner with which individuals will behave. It is worth noting that the behaviour of individuals has an impact on the performance of the organization. In addition, the way individuals behave with each other could be a motivating factor for employees. Organizational s uggests the value that the organization has put on customers, employees, suppliers and other stakeholders. Some of the most common values that can be embraced in an organization are; individuality, equality, responsibility, accountability, loyalty, credibility and honesty among others. The list of values that organizations can adopt is endless (Stein & Christiansen, 2010). Strategies can be defined as the approaches that the organization uses to achieve its values, goals and objectives. Developing strategies is very critical for any organization since this will draw the path through which the organization will attain its future success. Managers should invest enough time in defining the strategies that the organization will use to accomplish its values. For instance, value accomplishment can be facilitated by empowering employees. Employees have the ability to give the organization a competitive advantage. They are the once who facilitate the achievement of organizational goals and therefore they should be empowered. In the wake of the 20th century, technology has been advancing at a higher rate as compared to any other time in the past. Modern technology has the ability to support organizational value strategies. It offers a number of options that can be used as strategies to achieve its values. For instance, consumer value can be attained through innovation (Stein & Christiansen, 2010). In addition, accountability and loyalty can also be attained through innovation. Innovation is the lifeblood of today’s organizations. Organizations need to be highly innovative for them to survive in the economic environment. It is very difficult for any business to make it today without being innovative. Each of the businesses wants to have a large share of the market to maximize its revenue and therefore has to be creative in order to attract customers. Technology has led to emergence of businesses being conducted online which help in supporting the organizational v alue strategies. Modern technology is essential in supporting the organizational value strategies since it enables an organization to improve its innovation capability and hence gain a competitive advantage (Matheson & Matheson, 1998). Over the last couple of decades, academicians have focused their attention to modern technology. They evaluate how the technology can be used to help the organization attain a

Thomas Paine on American Independence Assignment - 5

Thomas Paine on American Independence - Assignment Example Paine was known to be anti-monarchist for his views on England. Thomas Paine used deductive reasoning in his article as he influenced the American citizens to gain independence from the British. He explained that the British monarchies were ruthless and oppressive. He used simple and clear language to address his crowd. He chose the bible to support his arguments, a book familiar to most of his readers. He stated that heave could not be brought down by vice (Berg, 2013). Paine created a vision for the citizens of America, which was founded on principles that empowered its citizens. The arguments of Paine on American independence were deductive in nature. He used deductive reasoning in explaining to the citizens, why they need to have an independent government. In his argument, he explains that the forming an initial government is important. The first government will be a democratic government, and it will develop into a representative government as it progresses (Berg, 2013). Paine argues that monarchies are a major setback to the development of the society. It was one of the reasons he tried to persuade the ordinary American citizens to get independence from the British. The use of emphasis on his arguments and his conclusion indicate that his argument was deductive. He argues that how comes the King's powers cannot be questioned to determine if he is wrong. He further states that the individuals of North America need to be given power. Power was meant to be handed to ordinary individuals of the country. In his defense, he says, the British government would gain success with time before the Americans are granted their independence. The British military would be stronger with time and it would be harder to defeat them (Berg, 2013). The battle between British soldiers and militia in Massachusetts was the first revolutionary battle in America.  Ã‚  

Compare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Compare - Essay Example His paintings contain diligence, tenderness, expressions of the figures, the beauty of draperies and so on. He style Raffaello learned from Pietro when he was young was slight, dry and defective in design, and not being able to throw it off, he found it difficult to learn the beauty of nudes, and the method of difficult foreshortening of the cartoon of Michelangolo Buonattoty for the Hall of the Council at Florence. But with great effort, he managed to get rid of the Pietro’s style and reached Michelangolo’s which was full of difficulties. When Raffaello began to improve his style, he did not do it the way it should be done, but the way he saw his previous master Pietro do it, with natural grace. He compared the muscles of a dead men with those of the living. Later he realized how soft and fleshy parts should be made, the swelling, lowering and raising a part of the whole body, how the bones are composed, nerves and veins, and he became a master in all the parts, as any great painter should. However, in this area, he could not get close to the perfection of Michelangolo, and he realized that he does not necessary have to paint the nude figures, but that painting has a large field that he can fill out with good invention and order which deserves a great and skilled artist. He realized that he could enrich his works with variety of perspective, landscapes, a delicate and light treatment of the draperies, sometimes causing the figure to get lost in the darkness, and on the other hand, sometimes also to come into the clear light, making the figures more alive and realistic, making beautiful heads of women, children and old people endowing them with, for them, suitable movement. He also thought about how important is the flight of horses in the battle, as well as the courage of the soldiers, the knowledge of many kinds of animals, but most of all, the method of making men look more life-like when drawing portraits putting them into a relation with othe r things such as shoes, helmets, hair, beards, trees, caves, rain, clouds, night time, bright sun, fine weather, all kinds of hair styles, and all the other things that are the necessities of today’s painting. Realizing that he cannot be better than Michelangolo in some aspects, he did not imitate him, but tried hard to become the best in some other aspects, and in that way surpass Michelangolo. Having made this resolution and admitting that Fra Bartolommeo of S. Marso had a god painting method, solid design and coloring that is pleasant, although sometimes using shadows in a manner that is too free to obtain greater grief, Raffaello borrowed from him what he thought that would be useful for his own art. So he used a medium style in design and coloring and combined them with some of the best things of other masters. Furthermore, he formed one single style out of many that he borrowed from other painters, and that style was always considered as his own and even highly estimate d by other artists. Raffaello learned the Florentine method of a composition in depth with pyramidal figure masses, and also, he made use of Leonardo’s chiasoscuro(strong contrast between light and dark). Moreover, he was influenced by his sfumato (use of fine, soft shading istead of line to delineate forms and features). He went beyond Leonardo in creating new figure types whose gentle faces reveal typically human sentiments that are raised to

Assumptions and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assumptions and Design - Essay Example The researcher’s basic beliefs or assumptions guide him/her about research methods, including the researcher’s ontological beliefs (beliefs about the nature of reality), epistemological beliefs (beliefs about what is possible to know), and axiological beliefs (beliefs about what is ethical and the role of values in research). Armour Peterson article employs qualitative design to study post homicide experience of family members of homicide victims (Armour, 2002). Qualitative research design, such as the one employed by Armour, is designed to riposte to questions regarding the intricate nature of occurrences with the aim of explaining, describing, and understanding the phenomena being researched (Creswell, 2003). The author beliefs that the relatives of homicide victims are an ignored lot and their post homicide experiences are molded by the social ambiance and the superiority of the government’s schema for justice. The choice of qualitative method is further supported by the author’s belief that attention to the needs of this population is limited, and hence the need for a qualitative method to generate knowledge and explain various aspects. Since only very few empirical researches exist about post homicide experiences of the family members of the homicide victims, the researcher had to record words and phrases and then look for meaning, concepts or theories. In addition, the post homicide experiences of each family vary greatl y; the researcher had to adopt a qualitative design since full and rich data is scarce and is not obtainable through quantitative studies. Data is best obtained through taking comprehensive notes, recording conversations and writing detailed observations. Mixed methods would combine both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In applying mixed methods, the philosophical assumption would be that findings about post homicide experiences could be generalized across all the families of the homicide victims. To

Ryanair marketing strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ryanair marketing strategies - Essay Example According to the research findings Ryanair began its operations in 1985 with a single 15-seater plane, primarily a conventional airline from Dublin and Waterford in the Ireland Republic to London. During the initial years of operations, the airline faced significant financial challenges, which led to losses in the company. After an analysis of its marketing strategies, the company decided to re-launch in 1990/1991 as a â€Å"no frills†, low cost air carrier, replicating the business model of American Southwest Airline. Since then, price has been the integral marketing strategy of the company, promoting and maintaining its growth in the European low-cost airline industry. These changes were the ideas of Michael O’Leary, initially the financial controller of the company. O’Leary, now the chief executive officer at the company, persuaded Tony Ryan (owner) to redress financial issues affecting the company at the time. He developed a marketing strategy based on Americ an Southwest Airlines, introducing the concept of low-cost, â€Å"no frills† in the airline. These changes stemmed the losses of the company, as well as turning the venture into a huge success. According to statistics, the company posted a profit after tax of 303million dollars in 2006, a 13% increase from that recorded in 2005. Currently, the airline operates in more than 146 routes to 84 different destinations in 16 countries, carrying more than 15 million passengers annually. Further, the airline plans to become the largest airliner in Europe in a few years. By any standards, one can consider the company as successful, primarily based on its growth in the market as well as its profitability. 2. Mission and Strategy The objective of Ryanair is to be the largest and leading low-cost airline in Europe through continuous expansions and improvements in its low-cost services. The primary objective that are in place to achieve this include, low-cost fare, industry-leading custome r service, strong commitment to quality and safety maintenance, flight services on short-haul routes, leveraging the internet, and low operating costs that address personnel productivity, aircraft and equipment, airport access fees and customer service costs. The principal policy of Ryanair is to offer the lowest flight fares available from any carrier (Gugenheimer, 2006:67). For instance, the company often matches the prices of a competitor if they lower their prices. Consequently, one may consider this anomaly given that the company has a strong commitment to provide quality customer service, but these two strategic elements are complementary insofar as the company is concerned. Ryanair strategically uses small regional airports for its flight operations, keeping the operations costs low as well as providing a less congested traffic alternative for its customers travelling, thus less delays. Additionally, the frequent, short-haul flights do not require provision of complex service s such as food and drinks, as they are rather short compared

The Break with Rome Essay Example for Free

The Break with Rome Essay Although it is fair to say that a number of important factors ultimately resulted in Henrys desire for a Break with Rome, it is clear that Henrys wish for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon to ensure a male heir was the key underlying motive throughout the saga. Henrys desire for power and financial gain are still both extremely important aspects of the debate, but it is certainly arguable that these are secondary ambitions which gained prominence as the events unfolded. For many years it had been clear that Henry strongly desired a male heir to the throne. It was also becoming clear that Catherine of Aragon was growing too old to bear him a child that he craved, and Henry saw this as a sign from God that his marriage to Catherine was unholy, with this point being reinforced by Catherines miscarriages. It appeared that a divorce was therefore the only solution, and for this reason it can be observed as the guiding factor in the Break with Rome. Catherine was obviously unhappy with this, and so to ensure that she would not be able to appeal to the Pope over any events that were to follow, Henry had the Act in Restraint of Appeals passed in 1533. This provided the pathway in 1534 for the Act of Supremacy. This enabled the King to alter doctrine, which he would be able to use to legalise the annulment of his marriage to Catherine. It was also extremely important in that [it] ensured opposition could be dealt with as the act required every subject to take the oath of Supremacy. The passing of the Act of Succession only several months showed how desperate Henry was to obtain his male heir. Henry was aware of the difficulties that Matilda, the only previous queen of England, had suffered, and so this act declared Mary illegitimate. Time was certainly of the essence here, as it was also important to Henry that his son be 16 at the time coming to power to ensure that he was not usurped in the same way that other boy kings had. Finally, the Treason Act also of 1534 also amplifies the idea that Henry was desperate that any son he had would be seen as legitimate and face few problems when he came to power. The actions taken between 1532 and 1534 would suggest that Henry was becoming desperate to ensure the divorce and obtain a son, and so provides strong evidence to suggest that these were his real motives behind the Break with Rome. Historians also argue that Henrys desire for financial gain was also an important factor which led to his desire to obtain the Break with Rome. Firstly, the Act in Restraint of Annates, which had initially began as a threat in 1532, was put into place in 1534. The initial aim was to persuade the Pope into granting the divorce. However, by 1534 it was clear that this was not going to happen and so Henry was implementing policies to ensure a Break with Rome. Ultimately, this means that by the time it was passed, the Act was no longer a way of threatening the Pope into granting a divorce. Instead, it was Henry simply take control of the Popes income and so it is therefore reasonable to suggest that by 1534, financial motives for a split had crept into Henrys thinking. This was again shown in 1534 by the Act for First Fruits and Tenths. This provides a further example of money that was formerly sent to the Pope becoming an additional income for Henry. It is certainly arguable that by this stage Henry was well aware of the potential financial benefits that the break could have, and so this may well have fuelled the rapid changes that occurred between 1532 and 1534. A final aspect of the divorce which is suggested by historians is Henrys hunger for power, and this becomes apparent when observing some of the Acts put into place. The Act for Submission of the Clergy in 1534 (created in 1532) can be seen as the first step in Henry trying to take control of a very important aspect of everyones lives, the Church. The Act of Supremacy reinforces the idea that Henry strongly desired power within the Church, and it begins to become apparent that along with the increasing financial importance that the break would have, power was also becoming an extremely important aspect. Such legislation as the Act of Supremacy and Treason Act provided Henry with security in his new positions, and with this evidence taken into account that it is certainly arguable that some of the other factors were simply covering for Henrys greed for power. It is worth considering that ideas of financial and power motives are not mutually exclusive. After initially just wanting the divorce and an heir, it may well have been the case that this lead to Henry obtaining more power which he was able to use his advantage for financial benefit. It is however also argued that Henrys initial intention was never to gain extra power, yet this still links in with the idea that Henrys lust for power evolved as events unfolded. Consequently, if the Pope had granted the annulment in the first place, Henrys desire for a male heir could have been rectified and the desires for power and money would never have been allowed to evolve. On balance, it has become clear that the way in which the events unfolded affected why Henry was so keen for the Break with Rome. Initially at least, there is strong evidence to suggest that Henrys only real motive was to obtain the divorce and produce a male heir. However, as the years rolled by it is suggested that the reasons behind the events developed. The concentration of legislation passing between 1532 and 1534 suggest both that Henry was becoming more desperate and also that a lust for power and money were now providing the fuel behind the events that both introduced and secured the Break with Rome. Therefore to conclude, although it is certainly possible that Henrys strong initial desire was for a divorce and to obtain a male heir, but once he realised the possibilities that lay before him in gaining power within the Church and increasing his income drastically to enable his exuberant lifestyle these motives expanded and diversified.

Project management is a structured approach to planning and controlling projects

Project management is a structured approach to planning and controlling projects Introduction Wood Ltd is a company organizes special events. The event the company organizes includes: car manufactures, large retailing chains, sport goods manufactures and a national chain of healthy clubs besides the company provides service city location. Now the company has one manager, three assistant managers, eights event managers, two administration staff, and a numbers of special event employees. The contract organizes a pop concert and the project is flexibility I give a assumption: The project organizes January 26th, 20011 and budget: $100,000. The project was agreed stakeholder and has a legal procedure The weather has not weather, snow-storm and terrorization I am a consultant to manage. I need to give advice and ways solve the problems. Project management is a methodical approach to planning and guiding project processes from start to finish ( searchcio-midmarket.techtarget,accessed 2010).Project life cycle is methods that help management can evaluate time to complete projecting, cost. Burke defines the project life cycle a four phase life that passes through four phase headings: concept and initiation phase, design and development phase, implementation or construction phase, and commission and handover phase The first concept or initiation phase needs define project objectives, problem statement, project scope, evaluate the feasibility with purpose achieve goals and objective of concert Problem statement: Woods Ltd organizes special events. This is the first time the company organizes the concert so the company needs to successfully manage this project. Besides, we need complete all everything on time and fit budget Project objective: the manager needs to determine specific about objective. Based on objective the company determine resources such as time, cost that purpose to achieve objective. The company gives objective: The first, organize concert 20pm 26 January 201, budget: $100,000. A and the place is Bolling Art centre. The second, successfully manage concert. Project scope: The project scope is the definition of what the project is supposed to accomplish and the budget (of time and money) that has been created to achieve these objectives (management.about, accessed 2011).The project scope includes: The event limits on time and cost. The event needs to organize January 26 in 2011 with budget: $100, 000 Attack 1000 customers Control risk Calculate cost Evaluate the feasibility. When considered about feasibility in the project, we consider project objectives, project scope, problem statement, we need to ensure that stakeholders accept project. Stakeholders are any persons (or groups) who have an interest in the project, are affected by it or who can influence its outcome. (Field and Keller p. 246). Stakeholder includes customers, project team, senior management, supplier, sub-contractor, regulatory authorizes lobby groups and individual citizens. Role stakeholder influence the project such as champion: The chief promoters of the project that influence motivate employee and quality work. Sponsor the person who ensures that the project is successful at the company level (Field and Keller). Stakeholder influences successful the project. Customer and client influence successful in the project such as: imagine, quality project. As the project management it is the most important that I understand role stakeholder who can against this project the proposed stage and provide budget in the project. Besides we give assumptions so the project are feasibility The second, design or development phase: Design the service or product, develops in the schedule and plans for implementing the project (University of Sunderland Manual pg 21). The stage includes work breakdown structure, project scheduling, resource planning, project costing and financing, project team, project leadership, project risk management. Milestone: In project management, a milestone is a synchronization point. Major milestones mark the transition of a project from one phase to another (whatis.techtarget, accessed 2010). In the project milestone include: prepare plan, attacks 1000 customers, control risk and suitable budget Work breakdown structure. A work breakdown structure (WBS) in project management and systems engineering, is a tool used to define and group a projects discrete work packages in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the project.(pmreviews.org,accessed 2010) WBS helps the manager be able to easy plan, monitoring, schedule and calculate cost each activity. Resource scheduling: With objective organize the pop concert successful. Organize January 26in2011 with budget: $100,000. The company wants to achieve objective. We need to achieve: Attack 1000 customers, control risk, and calculate cost. Grant chart helps to see activities and duration needs to complete activities such as attack 1000 customers: marketing mix and advertising. Marketing mix includes people, promotion, product, and place. Advertising includes method website, in the internet, newspapers, and other methods. Besides grant chart shows relationship activity and time.  Ã‚   Grant chart is tools C:Documents and SettingsdungDesktopUn1222121212.png Resource planning Resource planning helps the concert that established resources necessary which achieve objective. Such as types of labor is necessary the concert such as: one manager, three assistance manager, eight events manager, two administration staff besides the company will rent technical employee. Equipments need concert: light, sound recording system, computer so on, technology Finance Resource planning has two resources: external and internal. Internal resource includes human, finance, equipment so on which cheaper and easily control and monitor. External resource includes resource outside such as supplier, technological. Use of external is usely costly and difficult to control Project budget The overall project budget is the sum of all the bottom-up costs associated with project activities plus any project level expenses for team acquisitions, overheads or other indirect costs allocated to the project (Project Management Tool Kit by Tom Kendrick). For Woods Ltd this cost of activities was calculated bottom -up approach and provisions sums each work packages events. Besides cost will allocate in the event that has risk and derived expenses (Detail in appendix A ) Project team Woods company needs to successful concert besides the elements such as: design stage, knowledge marketing so on. The company applies technology and many skills with purpose objective therefore skills team work and project team are the most important. Group and team is major feature of organization lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ An understanding of the nature of groups is vital if the manager is to influence the behavior of people in the work situation. The management is aware of the impact of groups and teams, and their effects on organizational performance (Mullins, 2005, p517). Besides this is the first time the company set up concert so the member lack of skills and experience. The leader needs to select member. I think the team should consider the following the element: team size, overall team composition, team member selection, team member recruitment process. Team size is a team 5-12 member. A team of 5-7members is the best (scribd.com, assessed 2009). The company can divide B team. A team response marketing and prepare plan (two assistant manager and five even manager) and team B response control and budget (one assistant manager and five event manager) Then we select structure teams. According to Field and Keller (1998) have four common types project team the functional team, project(singer) team, Matrix team and contract team. We can see advantage and disadvantage each type of project team. Field and Keller (1998) Woods company organizes specially events. This is the first time the company set up the concert so the company lacks of experience skills. On the other hand, member team created from various parts of the company. The team will be created when the company have event, especially objective. The team will exist for the duration of the project. Matrix team permit efficient exchange information such as assistant come from marketing, finance, human resource and eight event manager which created various part of company. People from different department, they will share information and knowledge that achieve objective. Matrix structure is the most flexible matrix team can use efficient resource therefore matrix team is the most suitable .Besides the company needs to build team According to TucKman identified four stages in group development: forming, norming, storming, performing Tuckman (1965) Forming is the first stage building team that is the most important because a member will cautiously test boundaries, try to find out about the aim and norm of the group( University of Sunderland Manual p.96). In the stage, the manager needs to give clear objects share information, and discuss an objective a concert Storming: in the stage members give different ideas so have a conflict between members of the team Norming: after stage storming, the member accepted ideas and discuss new ideas so conflict reduce between members. In the stage, the manager should allocate power members, task. Performing: in the stage role of the member establish in the team, and they know the objective that will try to achieve objective. The manager needs to control and motivate the member in the team. Project leadership The company organize an event the work needs creative so role leadership is the most important that influence time, cost in the project. There are three styles of leadership autocratic, democratic, laissez-FireWire style (Mullins, p 291).   The first,  the autocratic style  is where the focus of power of a manager.  Role of leadership is the most important because all decisions by leader and control tasks. The second, the democratic style is where the focus of power is more with the group as a whole and there is the greater  interaction within the group (Mullins p291). When the leadership gave decisions, all members in the group can give ideas, and the leader considers ideas, and discussion. Lastly, laissez -faire (genuine) style is where the manager observes that member of the group working well on their own (Mullins p291).   The leadership gives the problems to the group and discusses the problems. Based on the characteristic type of leadership and the problems of the c ompany the company organizes the concert so the company needs leadership  Ã‚  Ã‚   to motive members in the group achieves the objective. On the other hand, the company needs to apply technology and methods advertising besides the employee lack of experience and skills.On other hands, the leadership use theory motivates employment: Maslowshierarchy of need that motivation employee achieves objective (detail appendix B ) Implementation phase Project control: during execution of the project control and monitoring that is  necessary  tools that help the manager control schedule, progress exporting. The function of monitoring provides to update information project such as: progress report, most the problems during executing the plan with stakeholders and give a ways control and monitoring project.   Control the schedule is the most important which influences  the time complete the project. Grant chart is tooling that  help  the manager can know  time of activities, control and monitoring of the project. In the grant chart, duration needs to complete execution of rent theatre and contract with singers and  supplies are  two days. Time complete design stage is two days and correct the problem before the concert begins Progress reporting is document that the manager needs to repair regularly. In duration executes project, the manager prepares 2days or 1 weeks/ reports to communication and evaluate project besides project teams need to progress report the problems. Real report of the project use measured against time completes the activities and cost. If activity in the project does not complete on time, the manager will need to determine activity has to influence the project or not. Besides if active is behind time, the manager will need action that catches up lost time Commission phase The purpose of project closure is to ensure that all the payment have been and finance reconciled, project documentation complete and final project reports completed.(course book) Closing stage is to confirm all that work done and customer acceptance besides stakeholder acceptance project. On other hands, the manager will repair report include cost, the problems so on. Besides the manager needs to evaluate the problems and solve the problems such as: training employee, build team Conclusion Wood Ltd special events so each event has the requirement that is different. So each event the company can give various methods such as approach project life cycle, critical chain project management, and event change methodology so on. Besides then the company organized event, which needed to evaluate the elements created successful and improve mistakes. On other hands, the company needed to training employment and control project. In the future, the company will open services, and advertising imagine of the company. Words count:2013

Introducing Shakespeare :: essays research papers

Introducing Shakespeare 1b).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept of love in Shakespeare’s play Much Ado About Nothing is a complex idea as well as an impulsive act and can been seen among many of the characters. In particular, the relationships between the young lovers Claudio and Hero as well as the mature couple Benedick and Beatrice both demonstrate how uncomplicated it can be to fall in and out of love, the different ways that exist to fall in love, as well as what little substance in needed to base any decisions of love on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play begins with the citizens of Messina awaiting the return of the army of Don Pedro from war. As he returns he is accompanied by, among others, his close friends and fellow soldiers Count Claudio and Signior Benedick. Among the citizens present at the army’s arrival is the lovely Hero, the daughter of the Governor Leonato, along with her cousin Beatrice. Once the army arrives the young soldier Claudio realizes that he has fallen in love with Hero. This feeling of love engulfs Claudio and forces him into a state where all of his thoughts lead to Hero. When Claudio was at war all he was thinking about was war, and now all he could focus on was Hero. He is so overwhelmed with the intense emotion of love that he tells the Prince that he wishes to marry her. The arrival of the army also reunited Signior Benedick and Beatrice who illustrate that they have a very verbally abusive relationship. Upon their meeting the two of them call each other names and seem to have a light-hearted quarrel. Everyone around them laughs and enjoys their remarks but both Benedick and Beatrice mean more then what the others deem as jokes. Beatrice sees Benedick as a womanizing bachelor and Benedick sees Beatrice as a cold, distant woman. The meeting between Claudio and Hero has a very different outcome from the meeting of Benedick and Beatrice. Claudio and Hero quickly develop a common love for each other while Benedick and Beatrice seem to have a common dislike for each other. This rapid growth of love between Claudio and Hero demonstrates how unpredictable the idea of love in Shakespeare’s play is. The relationship between Benedick and Beatrice however, demonstrate the complexities of love as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play continues with a masked ball thrown in honor of the arrival of the soldiers. Introducing Shakespeare :: essays research papers Introducing Shakespeare 1b).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept of love in Shakespeare’s play Much Ado About Nothing is a complex idea as well as an impulsive act and can been seen among many of the characters. In particular, the relationships between the young lovers Claudio and Hero as well as the mature couple Benedick and Beatrice both demonstrate how uncomplicated it can be to fall in and out of love, the different ways that exist to fall in love, as well as what little substance in needed to base any decisions of love on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play begins with the citizens of Messina awaiting the return of the army of Don Pedro from war. As he returns he is accompanied by, among others, his close friends and fellow soldiers Count Claudio and Signior Benedick. Among the citizens present at the army’s arrival is the lovely Hero, the daughter of the Governor Leonato, along with her cousin Beatrice. Once the army arrives the young soldier Claudio realizes that he has fallen in love with Hero. This feeling of love engulfs Claudio and forces him into a state where all of his thoughts lead to Hero. When Claudio was at war all he was thinking about was war, and now all he could focus on was Hero. He is so overwhelmed with the intense emotion of love that he tells the Prince that he wishes to marry her. The arrival of the army also reunited Signior Benedick and Beatrice who illustrate that they have a very verbally abusive relationship. Upon their meeting the two of them call each other names and seem to have a light-hearted quarrel. Everyone around them laughs and enjoys their remarks but both Benedick and Beatrice mean more then what the others deem as jokes. Beatrice sees Benedick as a womanizing bachelor and Benedick sees Beatrice as a cold, distant woman. The meeting between Claudio and Hero has a very different outcome from the meeting of Benedick and Beatrice. Claudio and Hero quickly develop a common love for each other while Benedick and Beatrice seem to have a common dislike for each other. This rapid growth of love between Claudio and Hero demonstrates how unpredictable the idea of love in Shakespeare’s play is. The relationship between Benedick and Beatrice however, demonstrate the complexities of love as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play continues with a masked ball thrown in honor of the arrival of the soldiers.

Macbeth 11 :: essays research papers

Macbeth Show how Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have to go against their own natures in order to kill Duncan. Each character in Macbeth has to either fight or give in to the evil. Because evil is contrary to human nature, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have to go against their own conscience in order to murder Duncan. When the witches predict that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and later, King of Scotland, he is stunned to silence by their prophecies. When murder enters Macbeths mind he is frightened by his thoughts. He tries to reject his impulse, declaring that he will leave everything to chance: ?If chance will have me King, why, chance may crown me Without my stir.? Very soon he begins to confess a ‘suggestion?of ‘horrible imaginings? Soon after, he admits to possessing ‘black and deep desires?but he is afraid to speak about them openly, even to himself. Later on he indites a letter to Lady Macbeth containing conjecture about the prophecies of the three witches. She im mediately wants to take fate into her own hands. She begs the evil spirits to tear all human feelings from her, for she knows that she will have to urge her husband, Macbeth, to become King by murdering Duncan. She will have to give up all the gentle, tender qualities of a woman, so that she can become a sexless, pitiless demon. She has to make her husband ignore his own conscience. She declares: ?Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it.? By ‘illness?she means ‘evil? Macbeth seizes evil, as one might catch a disease. When Macbeth has the opportunity to think about his wife’s suggestions and about his desires to become King, he becomes aware of the duty that he owes to Duncan, his loyal King. Following a great battle with himself, Macbeth decides not to go through with the murder. He states to Lady Macbeth: ?We will proceed no further in this business.? Macbeth is not prepared for all her wrath and abuse. She calls h im a coward. When in reality it is not cowardice that restrains Macbeth, it is his conscience. She also insults his masculinity, and declares that she would have murdered her child while it was feeding at her breast, rather than break such a promise as Macbeth had done. Persuaded by her conviction, he yields to her, and in order to prove himself a man in her eyes, goes against his own nature and agrees to the murder of King Duncan.

Absorption and Variable Costing, Inventory Management

Absorption and Variable costing are very important tools for cost accounting. Both of these costing methods allow you to see the cost of your inventory, in a different way. For example the absorption method allows you to assign all costs to the product, while variable costing allows only variable costs to be assigned to the product. Inventory management is extremely important as well because it ties into efficiency and lowering your costs so that your company can be as profitable as it can in operations.Throughout this paper I will discuss the importance of both costing methods, how it is implemented as well as using the income statement for costing. Most companies don’t necessarily look at the costs of all departments; they break down the departments into separate entity’s called profit centers. The companies do this because by breaking down each department they can see if there are any problem areas that they should correct, involving the performance of the individual profit centers. To look at the overall company’s performance, most people find it useful to look at the income statement.However, this income statement is of little use for determining the viability of the individual business units or segments. Instead, it is important to develop a segmented income statement for each profit center. That is why these two costing methods have been developed. One of them is based on variable costing and the other is based on absorption costing. They are costing methods because they refer to the way in which product costs are determined. Product costs are inventoried; and they include direct materials, direct labor and overhead.Period costs are expensed in the period they are incurred. These are usually selling and administrative expenses or other expenses to run your company day to day. The one difference between the two costing systems is fixed factory overhead. Absorption costing is a costing system that assigns all manufacturing cost to the produce, including fixed factory overhead. Absorption costing includes direct materials, direct labor, variable overhead, and fixed overhead. The four costs define the cost of the product. Under absorption costing, fixed overhead is viewed as a product cost, not a period cost.Fixed overhead is assigned to the product through the use of predetermined fixed overhead rate and is not expensed until the product is sold. Absorption costing has product costs of direct materials, direct labor, variable overhead, and fixed overhead. While the period costs include just selling and administrative expenses. Variable costing assigns only the variable manufacturing costs to the product; these costs include direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead. As you can see variable costing stresses the difference between fixed and variable manufacturing costs.Fixed overhead is than treated as a period expense and is excluded from the product cost. The reason for this is because fixed overhead i s a cost of staying in business. After the period is over, any benefits provided by this capacity are expired and are not inventoried. Fixed overhead of any period is than seen as expiring in that period and is charged in total against revenues for the period. The product costs for variable costing include direct materials, direct labor and variable overhead. The period costs include fixed overhead, and selling and administrative expenses.Now we move onto the relationship between the variable costing income and the absorption costing income. The relationship changes as the production and the sales change. If you sold more than was produced, variable costing income is greater than the absorption costing income. But if you sold more than you produced that would mean that you were selling the beginning inventory and units produced. Under the absorption method, the units that are coming out of the inventory have the fixed overhead from the period attached to the inventory.So the amount of the fixed overhead expensed by absorption costing is greater than what the current period’s fixed overhead by the amount of fixed overhead flowing out of the inventory. The variable costing income is greater than the absorption costing by the amount of fixed overhead coming out of the beginning inventory from the current period. But if the production and the sales are equal than there is no difference between the two reported incomes. The income relationship is consider to be that if production is greater than sales than the absorption income is reater than the variable income. But if the production is less than the sales than the absorption income is less than the variable income. So than if the production equals the sales than the absorption income is also equal to the variable income. The differences between the absorption and variable costing are the recognition of when the expenses are occurred. The recognition of the expenses associated with the fixed factory overhea d. With the absorption costing, the fixed factory will than be assigned to the units produced.This actually presents two problems, first, how do we convert the factory overhead applied on the basis of direct labor hours or the machine hours into factory overhead applied to the units produced? Also, what is than done when actual factory overhead does not equal applied factory overhead? Now we move onto the variable costing and the segmented income statements. The variable costing is a useful tool in preparing a segmented income statement because it gives us useful information on the variable and fixed expenses. A segment can be considered a division, department, product lines, customers class among other things.In the segmented income statements, the fixed expenses are broken down into two categories; direct fixed expenses and the common fixed expenses. The additional subdivision highlights controllable versus the non-controllable costs and than enhances the manager’s ability to evaluate each segment’s contribution to the overall firms performance. The direct fixed expenses are the fixed expenses that are directly traceable to a segment. They are sometimes referred to as avoidable fixed expenses, because they disappear if the segment is eliminated.Two or more segments jointly cause common fixed expenses. These expenses persist even if one of the segments to which they are common is eliminated. The segment margin is a profit contribution that each segment makes toward covering a firm’s common fixed costs. The segment should be at least able to cover both of its own variable costs and direct fixed costs. A negative segment margin drags the firm’s total profit down. Segment income statements are useful in management decision-making. The reason so is so that you can run your company at the most efficient level, while raising your profit margin.This is a very interesting topic because it helps show the importance of inventory control and how it affects your operating income. The inventory management is very key to a company. The reason for this is because when your costs are to high and your profit margin is too low than there is probably a reason of your inventory being to high or the overhead being to high. The stress of inventory management cannot be understated for many companies but especially manufacturing companies. Apart from the product cost of the inventory, there are other types of costs that relate to inventories of raw materials, work in process, and the finished goods.Inventory must be bought, received, stored, and moved. The inventory related costs include the demand for a product that is known with near certainty for a period of time. Two major costs are usually associated with this, if the inventory is purchased from an outside source, then the costs are referred to as ordering costs and carrying costs. If the product is produced internally, then the costs are called setup costs and carrying costs. Ordering costs are the costs to place and receive the order. Carrying costs are costs of keeping the inventory in your warehouse or store.There also can be a third categories, which includes stock out costs, which are the costs of not having a product available when demanded by the customer or the cost of not having a raw material available when needed for production. A company that uses these types of costing methods will definitely have a better grasp of the costs associated with their products. This will help a company become more efficient and have a better idea of which product is making the most money and which product is making the least amount of money.Yet again, this is not used for your company as a whole usually but it is used for each product individually. So if I had a red yoyo and a green yoyo and was selling a lot of each and equal than I would break them down individually between red and green and possibly see that the green yoyo is more expensive a product and there fore I would either have to sell it at a higher prices (even though it is exactly the same product except the color), or I would have to stop selling the green yoyo and just sell the red yoyo.In order to run any type of company a manager must show extreme care to the inventory management, because you can have the best selling product on the market but if your not efficient enough with your inventory than you may put a huge damper on the future of your company and not allow your company to grow properly. I think if managers use all of these techniques they will have better understanding of there company and how to exercise the correct inventory management.

Positive Accounting Essay

Positive economic theory and accounting practices are objective and based on fact. Positive accounting focuses on analyzing the economic statistics and data at hand, and deriving conclusions based on those figures. For example, if corporate growth allows a company to increase shareholder dividends over previous dividend payments, positive accounting theory would conclude that corporate growth causes a rise in stockholder dividends. Most bookkeeping and data collection involved with accounting relates to positive economic theory. Normative Accounting Normative economic theory is subjective and aims to describe what the economic future should be for a company or investor. As a result, normative accounting practice is a form of value judgment that can introduce subjective morality into accounting. For example, if a company that increased dividend payments could use some of those funds to improve corporate sustainability measures, a normative accounting statement would indicate how much money should be invested in those measures to sustain corporate growth. Normative accounting also deals with future events rather than past data, which is the domain of positive accounting practices. When to Use Positive accounting practices are best used to explain past financial events, as well as the causes of a business’s or individual’s current financial standing. Determining why a company is operating at a net loss requires the positive accounting practices of comparing actual revenue to actual expenses over the course of a year. These accounting practices are typically used to construct financial documents, such as balance sheets or cash flow statements. Normative accounting practices are best used when trying to set future economic policy based on theory. A company’s mission statement or the market strategies included in business plans can be viewed as normative statements — they reflect the business ideals that a company wants to accomplish. Working Together Proper financial planning for any business or individual requires the use of both positive and normative accounting practices. On a large scale,  economists indicate financial policies through normative accounting statements, but these normative statements must be based on the financial realities found through positive accounting practices. The factual-based practices of positive accounting provide a foundation for companies to engage in normative accounting, and a more idealistic view of how the company can operate while still earning a profit. – See more at: http://wiki.fool.com/Differences_Between_Positive_%26_Normative_Accounting#sthash.1hNg6Mt3.dpuf

The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner INTRODUCTION

No two writers go about things in exactly the same way. We al are inspired and motivated in different ways; we have our own reasons why some characters stay with us while others disappear into a backlog of neglected files. Personal y, I've never figured out why some of my characters take on strong lives of their own, but I'm always happy when they do. Those characters are the most effortless to write, and so their stories are usual y the ones that get finished. Bree is one of those characters, and she's the chief reason why this story is now in your hands, rather than lost in the maze of forgotten folders inside my computer. (The two other reasons are named Diego and Fred.) I started thinking about Bree while I was editing Eclipse. Editing, not writing – when I was writing the first draft of Eclipse, I had first-person-perspective blinders on; anything that Bel a couldn't see or hear or feel or taste or touch was irrelevant. That story was her experience only. The next step in the editing process was to step away from Bel a and see how the story flowed. My editor, Rebecca Davis, was a huge part of that process, and she had a lot of questions for me about the things Bel a didn't know and how we could make the right parts of that story clearer. Because Bree is the only newborn Bel a sees, Bree's was the perspective that I first gravitated toward as I considered what was going on behind the scenes. I started thinking about living in the basement with the newborns and hunting traditional vampire-style. I imagined the world as Bree understood it. And it was easy to do that. From the start Bree was very clear as a character, and some of her friends also sprang to life effortlessly. This is the way it usual y works for me: I try to write a short synopsis of what is happening in some other part of the story, and I end up jotting down dialogue. In this case, instead of a synopsis, I found myself writing a day in Bree's life. Writing Bree was the first time I'd stepped into the shoes of a narrator who was a â€Å"real† vampire – a hunter, a monster. I got to look through her red eyes at us humans; suddenly we were pathetic and weak, easy prey, of no importance whatsoever except as a tasty snack. I felt what it was like to be alone while surrounded by enemies, always on guard, never sure of anything except that her life was always in danger. I got to submerge myself in a total y different breed of vampires: newborns. The newborn life was something I hadn't ever gotten to explore – even when Bel a final y became a vampire. Bel a was never a newborn like Bree was a newborn. It was exciting and dark and, ultimately, tragic. The closer I got to the inevitable end, the more I wished I'd concluded Eclipse just slightly differently. I wonder how you wil feel about Bree. She's such a smal, seemingly trivial character in Eclipse. She lives for only five minutes of Bel a's perspective. And yet her story is so important to an understanding of the novel. When you read the Eclipse scene in which Bel a stares at Bree, assessing her as a possible future, did you ever think about what has brought Bree to that point in time? As Bree glares back, did you wonder what Bel a and the Cul ens look like to her? Probably not. But even if you did, I'l bet you never guessed her secrets. I hope you end up caring about Bree as much as I do, though that's kind of a cruel wish. You know this: it doesn't end wel for her. But at least you wil know the whole story. And that no perspective is ever real y trivial. Enjoy, Stephenie

Accounting treatment for inventory and loans

Runing Head: Fiscal Accounting Work 1 Your name: Course name: Professors’ name: Date Part A QUESTION ONEDetermine whether or non Large Mart would lawfully be allowed to alter its stock list cost flow premise from FIFO to Weighted-Average-Cost, and what ( if any ) legal demands would restrict Large Mart’s ability to do this alteration.Large Mart is lawfully allowed to alter its stock list accounting system from FIFO to leaden mean cost method. Harmonizing to International Financial Reporting Standards, an entity shall alter its policies merely if the alteration consequences in fiscal statements supplying dependable and more efficient information about effects of minutess, events or conditions on entity’s fiscal place and hard currency flows. The alteration should be adopted retrospectively pregnant accommodations should be made as if the new policy has ever been in being ( Hussey, 2010 ) . Disclosure should be made on the ground for alteration in policy, sum of alteration for current period and anterior periods.IRS allows one to take an stock list accounting po licy but requires the entity to utilize it systematically twelvemonth to twelvemonth. However, the IRS mandates the company to use stock list alterations method. In such a instance, the IRS must be informed in order to get permission for revenue enhancement twelvemonth when the initial execution of the new method of stock list cost was done ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . As such, it is required that Form 3115 of the IRS be completed and submitted at the beginning of the twelvemonth when the alteration was initiated ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . The alteration should be attached to revenue enhancement return for the twelvemonth in order for the alterations to take topographic point. More so, the concern must hold been ongoing for at least one twelvemonth.Discuss what impact ( if any ) a alteration from the FIFO cost flow premise to the Weighted-Average cost flow premise would hold on the fiscal place ( balance sheet ) of Large Mart. PLEASE NOTE: You are Not required to cipher the sum of impact of this alteration on the balance sheet. Alternatively, delight disco urse the POTENTIAL impacts of such a alteration in general.First in first out FIFO usually considers that the stock list bought is the stock list that should be sold foremost. As internal operations of the company continues, the FIFO calculates the existent cost. This is of import for merchandises that have a comparatively shorter shelf life, such merchandises are food markets. As such FIFO allows realisation of both cost and net income incurred on a merchandise. This besides applies in the fabrication industry because FIFO helps in accounting for the cost of the natural stuffs every bit good as the cost incurred in selling every merchandise and therefore the net income ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . If FIFO is used but the stock list is damaged or destroyed in any manner, one should cognize precisely the loss in order to account for its value. Nonetheless, FIFO gives the merchandise cost for each merchandise manufactured. If the natural stuffs for the two units vary, so each of these units will hold different cost. If the cost of marked up to acquire the merchandising monetary value, the units will hold changing selling procedure ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . Average Costing Method The monetary values can be set based on the mean stock list cost by increasing the monetary value of the norm. This allows for a lower net income border for expensive stock list. Despite the fact that there will be a lower net income border, this will be addressed by the higher net income border on the side of lower-cost stock list. This is specifically good for companies that are used to blending their stock lists as they come. This method is applied for mean net income degrees every bit good as mean nonexempt income. It besides works good in delegating the mean cost of production of a given merchandise every bit good as when the stock lists are assorted this non possible to delegate a given cost to a unit. One chief disadvantage of the mean costing method is the commixture of the stock list and hence doing it hard to account for every merchandise particularly merchandises which cost higher ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . In the event that some stock list bought has to be returned, the mean will be inaccurate utilizing this method. As such, the bing stock list may be sold for a lower monetary value grade in order to do a sensible monetary value. Further to this, in the event that some stock list is to be disposed by using price reductions, it should be based on the mean cost. Notably, some will be sold at a loss because their purchasing monetary value will be higher than others. In this event, the full stock list must be sold in order to acquire the norm cost back. Impact on The Balance Sheet FIFO usually reports higher stock list in current assets and therefore a higher current ratio. In the period of worsening cost of stuffs. FIFO leads to a higher cost of goods sold, lower net income and accordingly lower income revenue enhancement. The stock list method that is employed by a company in the event of a profitableness ratio, the balance sheet is affected. As a consequence, the current ratio is higher, ( the current ratio is computed by spliting the current assets with the current liabilities ) ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) .. On the contrary, a company using the norm weighted cost on the other manus studies an mean stoping stock list. This produces current ration. More so, the stockholders equity is higher in this instance under FIFO method since the norm weighted method outputs a average plus base ( plus less liabilities leads to a higher FIFO ) . In add-on, other balance sheet ratios to see include, plus turnover ( gross revenues divided by assets ) , return of equit y ( net income divided by average amount of assets ) , and stock list turnover ( COGS divided by the average stock lists ) ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . QUESTION TWO a )Explain how Large Mart must account for the depreciation of the equipment that was used in the edifice of the new machinery AND explicate why this intervention is required. Large Mart should handle depreciation as a concern disbursal for the twelvemonth and therefore bear down it to the net income and loss history. This is because it was incurred in the class of enlargement of concern. Since the depreciation disbursal belongs to 4 months of concern, every month is allocated an disbursal utilizing the consecutive line method ( Hussey, 2010 ) . This is necessary so that the right disbursal of depreciation is charged every monthExplain how Large Mart must account for the loan every bit good as the payment of involvement during the clip that the new machinery was built AND explicate why this intervention is required.Large Mart should account and enter the burden in general leger. First, it should debit the vase for the sum of burden which were given out by the company every bit good as the recognition short-run notes which are collectible for the part that is non to be paid during that fiscal twelvemonth ( Hussey, 2010 ) .Because the entire sum of loan is d ue to be paid back in less than a twelvemonth, there is no demand for long-run note collectible. Normally, there will be occasional monthly payments. When these payments are made, two variables to be considered are involvement and rule ( Elliott & A ; Elliott, 2008 ) . Principle refers to the original sum borrowed while the involvement is the cost incurred as a consequence of the adoption which is calculated based on the outstanding sum each twelvemonth. Entries are usually made by debiting notes collectible for the rule sum ( Hussey, 2010 ) . As such this is achieved by debiting involvement disbursal for the sum collectible and crediting for the entire payments. Part B( 0.5 Markss )1/5/201x Dr Computer a/c 5000 Cr Cash a/c 3500 Cr Discount received 1500 To enter purchase of computing machine in hard currency 2/5/201x Dr. Cash a/c 3500 Dr. price reduction received 1500 Cr Computer 5000 To enter return of computing machine to seller and forfeiture of price reduction 2 ) ( 1 grade ) – Cost of car= 45000 + 1000 = $ 46000 11/5/201x Dr. Car a/c $ 46000 Cr. Creditor/Vendor a/c $ 46000 To enter purchase of a auto on recognition 20/5/201x Dr. Car a/c $ 48000 Cr. Creditor $ 46000 Cr. Cash ( painting logo ) $ 2000 To enter purchase of auto and bringing 1/6/201x Dr. Creditor a/c $ 46000 Cr. Discount received $ 2300 Cr. Cash $ 43700 To enter payment to creditor. 3 ) ( 1.5 Markss ) – Before reappraisal ; Cost of the car= $ 48000 Depreciation =48000-2000 7 = $ 6571 per annum After reappraisal ; Cost of the auto = $ 46000 Depreciation=46000-2000 7 = $ 6286 per annum Reappraisal therefore has an consequence on depreciation as it has decreased depreciation disbursal from sh. 6571 to sh. 6286 per annum To enter consequence of reappraisal 1/7/201x Dr Car a/c $ 46000 Dr. Loss on reappraisal $ 2000 Cr. Car $ 48000 Mentions Elliott, B. , & A ; Elliott, J. ( 2008 ) .Fiscal Accounting and Reporting. New York, NY: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Hussey, R. ( 2010 ) .Fundamentalss of International Financial Accounting and Reporting. Michigan: World Scientific.

Business Plan Bar & Grill Essay

This is a business plan. It does not imply an offering of securities. 1.0 Executive Summary1 Chart: Highlights2 1.1 Objectives2 1.2 Mission2 1.3 Keys to Success2 2.0 Company Summary3 2.1 Company Ownership3 2.2 Start-up Summary4 Table: Start-up4 3.0 Products and Services5 4.0 Market Analysis Summary6 4.1 Market Segmentation6 Table: Market Analysis7 Chart: Market Analysis (Pie)7 4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy7 4.3 Service Business Analysis8 4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns9 5.0 Web Plan Summary9 5.1 Website Marketing Strategy9 5.2 Development Requirements9 6.0 Strategy and Implementation Summary9 6.1 SWOT Analysis10 6.1.1 Strengths10 6.1.2 Weaknesses10 6.1.3 Opportunities10 6.1.4 Threats10 6.2 Competitive Edge10 6.3 Marketing Strategy11 6.4 Sales Strategy11 6.4.1 Sales Forecast12 Table: Sales Forecast12 Chart: Sales Monthly13 Chart: Sales by Year13 6.5 Milestones14 Table: Milestones14 7.0 Management Summary14 7.1 Personnel Plan14 Table: Personnel15 8.0 Financial Plan15 8.1 Start-up Funding16 Table: Start-up Funding16 8.2 Important Assumptions17 8.3 Break-even Analysis17 Table: Break-even Analysis17 Chart: Break-even Analysis17 8.4 Projected Profit and Loss18 Table: Profit and Loss18 Chart: Profit Monthly19 Chart: Profit Yearly19 Chart: Gross Margin Monthly20 Chart: Gross Margin Yearly20 8.5 Projected Cash Flow21 Table: Cash Flow21 Chart: Cash22 8.6 Projected Balance Sheet23 Table: Balance Sheet23 8.7 Business Ratios25 Table: Ratios25 Table: Sales Forecast1 Table: Personnel1 Table: Profit and Loss2 Table: Cash Flow3 Table: Balance Sheet5 1.0 Executive Summary [Company Name] Contact: [Name] Direct Phone: XXX-XXX-XXXX Address: [Address] [City, State ZIP] Email: [Email Address] Introduction The long-term goal of [Company Name] is to serve quality food, have outstanding customer service and run and maintain a cost efficient base without sacrificing quality. [Company Name]serves high quality food and beverages in an inviting and friendly atmosphere at reasonable prices. [Company Name] is expanding its exposure through effective marketing as well as introducing the area to market segments that have not yet discovered the Company. Location [Company Name]is headquartered in Dwight, North Dakota which is located in Dickey County. The [Company Name] will be located on the site of the original [Company Name], which was built in 1961. This location is a landmark that sets on Highway 1 and 11 along the James River. The [Company Name] is nested nicely near the South Dakota border between Ellendale and Oakes, ND. The Company [Company Name]is a steakhouse concept which will offer a comfortable, friendly atmosphere. The Company’s owner is [Name], who established the restaurant as a Limited Liability Corporation. [Name] has 15 years of industry experience as a bartender and 8 years of experience as a cook. [Company Name] will be open 5 days per week. Serving dinner Tuesday-Wednesday from 5:00 pm to 10:00 pm; on Thursday – Saturday dinner served from 5:00 pm to 11:00 pm. Furthermore, the restaurant will be open one (1) Sunday a month on trial basis. Lunch will be served from 11:00 am to 2:00 pm. The restaurant will also be set-up as an all you can eat buffet style restaurant. Our Services [Company Name]’s menu will feature char broiled steaks, chicken, shrimp, burgers and a variety of basket foods along with occasional weekend specials of prime rib and barbecued ribs. Beverages will include various beers, cocktails and non-alcoholic beverages. The Market [Company Name] will focus on local residents and anyone passing by who wants to enjoy a good meal in a comfortable, friendly, down home atmosphere. [Company Name]’s market segmentation scheme is fairly straightforward and focuses on the target market, Dickey County, North Dakota residents. These customers prefer certain services and quality of food and it’s the Company’s duty to deliver on their expectations. Financial Considerations The current financial plan for [Company Name] is to obtain grant funding in the amount of $350,000. The grant will be used to get acquisition of the property, contents and rights to the business. Chart: Highlights [pic] 1.1 Objectives [Company Name]has three main objectives: †¢ To serve quality food. †¢ To have outstanding customer service. †¢ To run and maintain a cost efficient base without sacrificing quality. 1.2 Mission [Company Name]’s mission is to serve high quality food and beverages in an inviting and friendly atmosphere at reasonable prices. 1.3 Keys to Success [Company Name]’s keys to success are location, quality service and delicious food. 2.0 Company Summary [Company Name]is headquartered in Dwight, North Dakota Contact: [Name] Direct Phone: XXX-XXX-XXXX Address: [Address] [City, State ZIP] Email: [Email Address] The [Company Name] is located in Dwight, North Dakota, which is one mile west of the city Ludden in Dickey County. The Company is a start-up restaurant, owned by [Name], who has 15 years of industry experience as a bartender and 8 years of experience as a cook. Additionally, [Name] has 10 years of experience as an Administrative Assistant. [Company Name]is a steakhouse concept which will offer a comfortable, friendly atmosphere. The menu will feature char broiled steaks, chicken, shrimp, burgers and a variety of basket foods along with occasional weekend specials of prime rib and barbecued ribs. Beverages will include various beers, cocktails and non-alcoholic beverages. The [Company Name] will be located on the site of the original [Company Name], which was built in 1961. This location is a landmark that sets on Highway 1 and 11 along the James River. The [Company Name] is nested nicely near the South Dakota border between Ellendale and Oakes, ND. [Company Name]will be open 5 days per week. Serving dinner Tuesday-Wednesday from 5:00 pm to 10:00 pm; on Thursday – Saturday dinner served from 5:00 pm to 11:00 pm. Furthermore, the restaurant will be open one (1) Sunday a month on trial basis. Lunch will be served from 11:00 am to 2:00 pm. The restaurant will also be set-up as an all you can eat buffet style restaurant. [Company Name]will be closed on New Year’s Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The lounge will be open Tuesday – Saturday from 5:00 pm to 1:00 am. The rest of business structure has not been identified as of date. There will be an attorney and accountant determined at a later date. 2.1 Company Ownership [Company Name]is a Limited Liability Corporation. The owner of the start-up restaurant is [Name], who has 100% ownership of the business. 2.2 Start-up Summary The following table and chart shows the start-up costs for [Company Name], LLC Table: Start-up |Start-up | | | | | |Requirements | | | | | |Start-up Expenses | | |Software (Cost/Inventory Control) |$500 | |Liquor/Food License (State/County) |$1,800 | |Inspections |$1,000 | |Supplies |$2,500 | |Utilities Deposit |$1,500 | |Legal & Accounting fees |$5,000 | |Propane Tank & 1st Fill |$3,000 | |Total Start-up Expenses |$15,300 | | | | |Start-up Assets | | |Cash Required |$0 | |Start-up Inventory |$26,000 | |Other Current Assets |$30,950 | |Long-term Assets |$329,800 | |Total Assets |$386,750 | | | | |Total Requirements |$402,050 | Chart: Start-up [pic] 3.0 Products and Services [Company Name]is a comfortable, inviting restaurant designed to make its customers feel at home. The dining side has a sizzling 48†³ gas powered grill and char boiler which will make all steaks to perfection. [Company Name] Menu: The following meals come with the customer’s choice of potato, baked, hash brown or fries. Meals also include a trip to the full salad bar! All steaks are hand cut daily and charbroiled to perfection. Steaks Choice Sirloin 10 oz †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $13.75 House Sirloin 8 oz †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $12.50 Petite Sirloin 6 oz †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $9.75 Beef Tips-grilled or hand dipped in batter-deep fried†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $12.50 Rib eye 12 oz†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $16.25 Rib eye 10 oz †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $14.75 Steak and Shrimp 6 oz sirloin steak with three deep fried shrimp †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $15.50 Seafood Walleye dipped in batter and deep fried †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $15.75 4 Jumbo shrimp served with tater sauce or red sauce†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $13.50 Cod (Torsk)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $11.50 Chicken  ¼ pc dinner†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $11.50  ½ pc dinner†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $13.50 Baskets All baskets served with fries or onion rings. Burgers are  ½ lb handmade served on toasted bun. Hamburger basket †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $7.50 Cheese burger basket†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. $7.75 Burger basket served w/cheese, lettuce, onion, tomato†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $8.50 Chicken Strip (4 pc) basket †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $8.75 Chicken Drummies (6) basket †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $8.75 Breaded Tip basket †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $9.25 Appetizer Platter Chicken drummies, Onion rings, Cheese sticks, Mushrooms, Mini Egg Rolls. Served with Ranch Dressing†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $15.25 Beverages Coffee †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $1.00 Tea †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $1.00 Soda†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $1.50 Milk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $1.50 4.0 Market Analysis Summary The U.S. restaurant industry, which consist of fast food, casual dining and upscale chains, is facing its toughest stretch in three decades. This is due to declining guest traffic, declining average check, and a decline in sales. To survive, restaurant operators will need to balance incentives and discounts with added value and brand enhancement. Steak restaurants comprise less than 5% of the total restaurant market. Service oriented steak houses have room to grow. Meat and potatoes are still what Americans want, and they want it with good service. [Company Name]will focus on local residents and anyone passing by who wants to enjoy a good meal in a comfortable, friendly, down home atmosphere. [Company Name] intends to cater to a wide group of people. The Company wants everyone to feel welcome and relaxed in a friendly atmosphere with a large menu selection. It is its goal to have the â€Å"most tender, tastiest steaks† in the area. [Company Name]has the services necessary to flourish within this industry. By delivering superior customer service, offering affordable prices and developing an outstanding reputation, [Company Name]’s potential is excellent. 4.1 Market Segmentation Individuals going out to spend good money on meals or beverages want a variety of items to choose from. Additionally, these individuals want to dine at an establishment with consistent business hours. [Company Name]will be more than willing to offer that to all customers who walk into the business. The Company wants to create an environment that is fun, friendly and comfortable with prices that are very competitive. Customers are the first priority. [Company Name]’s market segmentation scheme is fairly straightforward and focuses on the target market, Dickey County, North Dakota residents. These customers prefer certain services and quality of food and its Company’s duty to deliver on their expectations. The information contained in the market analysis table, displays [Company Name]’s main markets. All of [Company Name]’s clients will benefit from its delicious food, atmosphere and exceptional customer service. Table: Market Analysis |Market Analysis | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Sales | | | | |Food |$259,480 |$275,049 |$291,552 | |Dining Beverage |$14,400 |$15,264 |$16,180 | |Bar Beverage |$30,928 |$32,784 |$34,751 | |Total Sales |$304,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | | | | | | |Direct Cost of Sales | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Food |$90,800 |$96,248 |$102,023 | |Dining Beverage |$1,440 |$1,526 |$1,618 | |Bar Beverage |$9,588 |$10,163 |$10,773 | |Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales |$101,828 |$107,938 |$114,414 | Chart: Sales Monthly [pic] Chart: Sales by Year [pic] 6.5 Milestones In order to achieve the growth and marketing goals that have been outline in this business plan, [Company Name]has deadlines to meet and ideas to implement. Some of these are outlined below: 1. Obtain grant funding in the amount of $350,000 to improve business 2. Acquisition of the property, contents and rights to the business Table: Milestones |Milestones | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Owner/Manager |$33,600 |$34,272 |$34,957 | |Head Cook |$16,800 |$17,136 |$17,479 | |Asst. Cook |$7,776 |$7,932 |$8,090 | |Head Waiter |$12,180 |$12,424 |$12,672 | |Waiters |$13,080 |$13,342 |$13,608 | |Bartenders |$8,352 |$8,519 |$8,689 | |Dishwashers |$6,264 |$6,389 |$6,517 | |Total People |14 |14 |14 | | | | | | |Total Payroll |$98,052 |$100,013 |$102,013 | 8.0 Financial Plan The current financial plan for [Company Name]is to obtain grant funding in the amount of $350,000. The grant will be used to get acquisition of the property, contents and rights to the business. The following sections of this plan will serve to describe [Company Name]’s financial plan in more detail: †¢ General Assumptions †¢ Break-even Analysis †¢ Profit and Loss †¢ Cash Flow †¢ Balance 8.1 Start-up Funding [Company Name]’s start-up costs are detailed in the Start-up Table. The following table shows how these start-up costs will be funded. Table: Start-up Funding |Start-up Funding | | |Start-up Expenses to Fund |$15,300 | |Start-up Assets to Fund |$386,750 | |Total Funding Required |$402,050 | | | | |Assets | | |Non-cash Assets from Start-up |$386,750 | |Cash Requirements from Start-up |$0 | |Additional Cash Raised |$0 | |Cash Balance on Starting Date |$0 | |Total Assets |$386,750 | | | | | | | |Liabilities and Capital | | | | | |Liabilities | | |Current Borrowing |$0 | |Long-term Liabilities |$0 | |Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) |$0 | |Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) |$0 | |Total Liabilities |$0 | | | | |Capital | | | | | |Planned Investment | | |Owner |$10,000 | |Outside Financing |$350,000 | |Additional Investment Requirement |$42,050 | |Total Planned Investment |$402,050 | | | | |Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) |($15,300) | |Total Capital |$386,750 | | | | | | | |Total Capital and Liabilities |$386,750 | | | | |Total Funding |$402,050 | 8.2 Important Assumptions The table below presents the assumptions used in the financial calculations of this business plan. The average percent variable cost is estimated to be 33%. The estimated monthly fixed cost is $13,705. 8.3 Break-even Analysis For the break-even analysis, the monthly revenue needed to break-even is $20,581. The break-even analysis has been calculated on the â€Å"burn rate† of the Company. [Company Name]feels that this gives the investor a more accurate picture of the actual risk of the venture. Table: Break-even Analysis |Break-even Analysis | | | | | |Monthly Revenue Break-even |$20,581 | | | | |Assumptions: | | |Average Percent Variable Cost |33% | |Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |$13,705 | Chart: Break-even Analysis [pic] 8.4 Projected Profit and Loss [Company Name]’s Pro Forma Profit and Loss statement was constructed from a conservative point-of-view, and is based in large part on past performance. The income for Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 are $304,808, $323,096 and $342,482, respectively. The net profit for the same period is $26,961, $36,035 and $42,838, respectively. The percentages of the net profit sales for this period were 8.85%, 11.15% and 12.51%, respectively. Once the Company receives grant funding to add the new assets, the depreciation of the building will be over a 20 year period, while the equipment will be depreciated over a 7 year period. Table: Profit and Loss |Pro Forma Profit and Loss | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Sales |$304,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | |Direct Cost of Sales |$101,828 |$107,938 |$114,414 | |Other Costs of Sales |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Total Cost of Sales |$101,828 |$107,938 |$114,414 | | | | | | |Gross Margin |$202,980 |$215,159 |$228,068 | |Gross Margin % |66.59% |66.59% |66.59% | | | | | | |Expenses | | | | |Payroll |$98,052 |$100,013 |$102,013 | |Marketing/Promotion |$6,250 |$6,438 |$6,631 | |Depreciation |$12,045 |$13,143 |$13,143 | |Supplies |$600 |$618 |$637 | |Utilities |$8,400 |$8,652 |$8,912 | |Insurance |$5,004 |$5,004 |$5,004 | |Maintenance |$1,200 |$1,236 |$1,273 | |Office Expense |$1,800 |$1,854 |$1,910 | |Payroll Taxes |$9,805 |$10,001 |$10,201 | |Phone/TV/Internet |$1,800 |$1,854 |$1,910 | |Propane |$12,000 |$12,360 |$12,731 | |Property Tax |$2,508 |$2,508 |$2,508 | |Acct & Legal |$5,000 |$0 |$0 | | | | | | |Total Operating Expenses |$164,464 |$163,681 |$166,871 | | | | | | |Profit Before Interest and Taxes |$38,516 |$51,478 |$61,197 | |EBITDA |$50,561 |$64,621 |$74,340 | | Interest Expense |$0 |$0 |$0 | | Taxes Incurred |$11,555 |$15,443 |$18,359 | | | | | | |Net Profit |$26,961 |$36,035 |$42,838 | |Net Profit/Sales |8.85% |11.15% |12.51% | Chart: Profit Monthly [pic] Chart: Profit Yearly [pic] Chart: Gross Margin Monthly [pic] Chart: Gross Margin Yearly [pic] 8.5 Projected Cash Flow [Company Name] is a start-up Company that has applied for a grant of $350,000. The Company forecasts that it will receive funding in the month of October. During this period, the Company will get acquisition of the property, contents and rights to the business. The following table displays [Company Name]’s cash flow, and the chart illustrates monthly cash flow in the first year. Monthly cash flow projections are also included in the appendix. Table: Cash Flow |Pro Forma Cash Flow | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Cash Received | | | | | | | | | |Cash from Operations | | | | |Cash Sales |$304,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | |Subtotal Cash from Operations |$304,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | | | | | | |Additional Cash Received | | | | |Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received |$0 |$0 |$0 | |New Current Borrowing |$0 |$0 |$0 | |New Other Liabilities (interest-free) |$0 |$0 |$0 | |New Long-term Liabilities |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Sales of Other Current Assets |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Sales of Long-term Assets |$0 |$0 |$0 | |New Investment Received |$350,000 |$0 |$0 | |Subtotal Cash Received |$654,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | | | | | | |Expenditures | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | | | | | | |Expenditures from Operations | | | | |Cash Spending |$98,052 |$100,013 |$102,013 | |Bill Payments |$136,504 |$176,166 |$184,277 | |Subtotal Spent on Operations |$234,556 |$276,179 |$286,291 | | | | | | |Additional Cash Spent | | | | |Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Other Liabilities Principal Repayment |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Purchase Other Current Assets |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Purchase Long-term Assets |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Dividends |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Subtotal Cash Spent |$234,556 |$276,179 |$286,291 | | | | | | |Net Cash Flow |$420,252 |$46,917 |$56,192 | |Cash Balance |$420,252 |$467,170 |$523,361 | Chart: Cash [pic] 8.6 Projected Balance Sheet [Company Name]’s net worth is $763,711, $799,746 and $842,583, for Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3, respectively. Table: Balance Sheet |Pro Forma Balance Sheet | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Assets | | | | | | | | | |Current Assets | | | | |Cash |$420,252 |$467,170 |$523,361 | |Inventory |$10,924 |$11,342 |$12,023 | |Other Current Assets |$30,950 |$30,950 |$30,950 | |Total Current Assets |$462,126 |$509,462 |$566,334 | | | | | | |Long-term Assets | | | | |Long-term Assets |$329,800 |$329,800 |$329,800 | |Accumulated Depreciation |$12,045 |$25,188 |$38,331 | |Total Long-term Assets |$317,755 |$304,612 |$291,469 | |Total Assets |$779,881 |$814,074 |$857,803 | | | | | | Table: Balance Sheet (Continued) |Liabilities and Capital | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | | | | | | |Current Liabilities | | | | |Accounts Payable |$16,170 |$14,328 |$15,219 | |Current Borrowing |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Other Current Liabilities |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Subtotal Current Liabilities |$16,170 |$14,328 |$15,219 | | | | | | |Long-term Liabilities |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Total Liabilities |$16,170 |$14,328 |$15,219 | | | | | | |Paid-in Capital |$752,050 |$752,050 |$752,050 | |Retained Earnings |($15,300) |$11,661 |$47,696 | |Earnings |$26,961 |$36,035 |$42,838 | |Total Capital |$763,711 |$799,746 |$842,583 | |Total Liabilities and Capital |$779,881 |$814,074 |$857,803 | | | | | | |Net Worth |$763,711 |$799,746 |$842,583 | 8.7 Business Ratios The table below presents ratios from the full-service restaurant markets as a reference. Table: Ratios |Ratio Analysis | | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 |Industry Profile | |Sales Growth |n.a. |6.00% |6.00% |1.65% | | | | | | | |Percent of Total Assets | | | | | |Inventory |1.40% |1.39% |1.40% |6.34% | |Other Current Assets |3.97% |3.80% |3.61% |43.25% | |Total Current Assets |59.26% |62.58% |66.02% |53.12% | |Long-term Assets |40.74% |37.42% |33.98% |46.88% | |Total Assets |100.00% |100.00% |100.00% |100.00% | | | | | | | |Current Liabilities |2.07% |1.76% |1.77% |25.40% | |Long-term Liabilities |0.00% |0.00% |0.00% |73.91% | |Total Liabilities |2.07% |1.76% |1.77% |99.31% | |Net Worth |97.93% |98.24% |98.23% |0.69% | | | | | | | |Percent of Sales | | | | | |Sales |100.00% |100.00% |100.00% |100.00% | |Gross Margin |66.59% |66.59% |66.59% |58.06% | |Selling, General & Administrative Expenses |57.75% |55.44% |54.08% |23.02% | |Advertising Expenses |2.05% |1.99% |1.94% |1.74% | |Profit Before Interest and Taxes |12.64% |15.93% |17.87% |6.52% | | | | | | | |Main Ratios | | | | | |Current |28.58 |35.56 |37.21 |1.25 | |Quick |27.90 |34.77 |36.42 |1.00 | |Total Debt to Total Assets |2.07% |1.76% |1.77% |99.31% | |Pre-tax Return on Net Worth |5.04% |6.44% |7.26% |4325.19% | |Pre-tax Return on Assets |4.94% |6.32% |7.13% |29.65% | | | | | | | Table: Ratios (Continued) |Additional Ratios | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | | |Net Profit Margin |8.85% |11.15% |12.51% |n.a | |Return on Equity |3.53% |4.51% |5.08% |n.a | | | | | | | |Activity Ratios | | | | | |Inventory Turnover |10.09 |9.70 |9.79 |n.a | |Accounts Payable Turnover |9.44 |12.17 |12.17 |n.a | |Payment Days |27 |32 |29 |n.a | |Total Asset Turnover |0.39 |0.40 |0.40 |n.a | | | | | | | |Debt Ratios | | | | | |Debt to Net Worth |0.02 |0.02 |0.02 |n.a | |Current Lab. to Liab. |1.00 |1.00 |1.00 |n.a | | | | | | | |Liquidity Ratios | | | | | |Net Working Capital |$445,956 |$495,134 |$551,114 |n.a | |Interest Coverage |0.00 |0.00 |0.00 |n.a | | | | | | | |Additional Ratios | | | | | |Assets to Sales |2.56 |2.52 |2.50 |n.a | |Current Debt/Total Assets |2% |2% |2% |n.a | |Acid Test |27.90 |34.77 |36.42 |n.a | |Sales/Net Worth |0.40 |0.40 |0.41 |n.a | |Dividend Payout | 0.00 |0.00 |0.00 |n.a | Table: Sales Forecast Sales Forecast Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12SalesFood$19,346 $19,733 $20,128 $20,531 $20,942 $21,361 $21,788 $22,224 $22,668 $23,121 $23,583 $24,055 Dining Beverage$1,000 $1,102 $1,124 $1,146 $1,169 $1,192 $1,216 $1,240 $1,265 $1,290 $1,316 $1,340 Bar Beverage$2,306 $2,352 $2,399 $2,447 $2,496 $2,546 $2,597 $2,649 $2,702 $2,756 $2,811 $2,867 Total Sales$22,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Direct Cost of Sales Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Food$5,705 $5,990 $6,290 $6,604 $6,934 $7,281 $7,645 $8,027 $8,428 $8,849 $9,291 $9,756 Dining Beverage$102 $105 $108 $111 $114 $117 $121 $125 $129 $133 $136 $139 Bar Beverage$602 $639 $664 $697 $732 $769 $807 $847 $889 $933 $980 $1,029 Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales$6,409 $6,734 $7,062 $7,412 $7,780 $8,167 $8,573 $8,999 $9,446 $9,915 $10,407 $10,924  Table: Personnel Personnel Plan Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Owner/Manager$2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 Head Cook$1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 Asst. Cook$648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 Head Waiter$1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 Waiters$1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 Bartenders$696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 Dishwashers$522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 Total People14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 Total Payroll$8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171  Table: Profit and Loss Pro Forma Profit and Loss Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Sales$22,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Direct Cost of Sales$6,409 $6,734 $7,062 $7,412 $7,780 $8,167 $8,573 $8,999 $9,446 $9,915 $10,407 $10,924 Other Costs of Sales$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Cost of Sales$6,409 $6,734 $7,062 $7,412 $7,780 $8,167 $8,573 $8,999 $9,446 $9,915 $10,407 $10,924 Gross Margin$16,243 $16,453 $16,589 $16,712 $16,827 $16,932 $17,028 $17,114 $17,189 $17,252 $17,303 $17,338 Gross Margin %71.71% 70.96% 70.14% 69.28% 68.38% 67.46% 66.51% 65.54% 64.54% 63.50% 62.44% 61.35% ExpensesPayroll$8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 Market ing/Promotion$750 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Depreciation$0 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 Supplies$50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 Utilities$700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 Insurance$417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 Maintenance$100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 Office Expense$150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 Payroll Taxes10% $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 Phone/TV/Internet$150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 Propane$1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 Property Tax$209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 Acct & Lega l$5,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Operating Expenses$17,514 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 Profit Before Interest and Taxes($1,271)$3,094 $3,230 $3,353 $3,468 $3,573 $3,669 $3,755 $3,830 $3,893 $3,944 $3,979 EBITDA($1,271)$4,189 $4,325 $4,448 $4,563 $4,668 $4,764 $4,850 $4,925 $4,988 $5,039 $5,074  Interest Expense$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0  Taxes Incurred($381)$928 $969 $1,006 $1,040 $1,072 $1,101 $1,126 $1,149 $1,168 $1,183 $1,194 Net Profit($890)$2,166 $2,261 $2,347 $2,428 $2,501 $2,568 $2,628 $2,681 $2,725 $2,761 $2,785 Net Profit/Sales-3.93% 9.34% 9.56% 9.73% 9.87% 9.96% 10.03% 10.07% 10.07% 10.03% 9.96% 9.86% Table: Cash Flow Pro Forma Cash Flow Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Cash ReceivedCash from OperationsCash Sales$22,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Subtotal Cash from Operations$22,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Additional Cash ReceivedSales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received0.00% $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 New Current Borrowing$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free)$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 New Long-term Liabilities$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sales of Other Current Assets$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sales of Long-term Assets$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 New Investment Received$350,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Cash Received$372,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Table: Cash Flow (Continued) Expenditures Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Expenditures from OperationsCash Spending$8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 Bill Payments$299 $8,830 $5,065 $6,547 $12,875 $13,296 $13,734 $14,188 $14,661 $15,152 $15,663 $16,194 Subtotal Spent on Operations$8,470 $17,001 $13,236 $14,718 $21,046 $21,467 $21,905 $22,359 $22,832 $23,323 $23,834 $24,365 Additional Cash SpentSales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Purchase Other Current Assets$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Purchase Long-term Assets$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Dividends$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Cash Spent$8,470 $17,001 $13,236 $14,718 $21,046 $21,467 $21,905 $22,359 $22,832 $23,323 $23,834 $24,365 Net Cash Flow$364,182 $6,186 $10,415 $9,406 $3,561 $3,632 $3,696 $3,754 $3,803 $3,844 $3,876 $3,897 Cash Balance$364,182 $370,368 $380,783 $390,189 $393,750 $397,382 $401,078 $404,832 $408,635 $412,479 $416,355 $420,252 Table: Balance Sheet Pro Forma Balance Sheet Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12AssetsStarting BalancesCurrent AssetsCash$0 $364,182 $370,368 $380,783 $390,189 $393,750 $397,382 $401,078 $404,832 $408,635 $412,479 $416,355 $420,252 Inventory$26,000 $19,591 $12,857 $7,062 $7,412 $7,780 $8,167 $8,573 $8,999 $9,446 $9,915 $10,407 $10,924 Other Current Assets$30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 Total Current Assets$56,950 $414,723 $414,175 $418,795 $428,551 $432,480 $436,499 $440,601 $444,781 $449,031 $453,344 $457,712 $462,126 Long-term AssetsLong-term Assets$329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 Accumulated Depreciati on$0 $0 $1,095 $2,190 $3,285 $4,380 $5,475 $6,570 $7,665 $8,760 $9,855 $10,950 $12,045 Total Long-term Assets$329,800 $329,800 $328,705 $327,610 $326,515 $325,420 $324,325 $323,230 $322,135 $321,040 $319,945 $318,850 $317,755 Total Assets$386,750 $744,523 $742,880 $746,405 $755,066 $757,900 $760,824 $763,831 $766,916 $770,071 $773,289 $776,562 $779,881 Table: Balance Sheet (Continued) Liabilities and Capital Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Current LiabilitiesAccounts Payable$0 $8,663 $4,854 $6,118 $12,432 $12,839 $13,262 $13,700 $14,156 $14,631 $15,123 $15,636 $16,170 Current Borrowing$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Current Liabilities$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Current Liabilities$0 $8,663 $4,854 $6,118 $12,432 $12,839 $13,262 $13,700 $14,156 $14,631 $15,123 $15,636 $16,170 Long-term Liabilities$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Liabilities$0 $8,663 $4,854 $6,118 $12,432 $12,839 $13,262 $13,700 $14,156 $14,631 $15,123 $15,636 $16,170 Paid-in Capital$402,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 Retained Earning s($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)Earnings$0 ($890)$1,276 $3,537 $5,884 $8,311 $10,812 $13,381 $16,009 $18,690 $21,415 $24,176 $26,961 Total Capital$386,750 $735,860 $738,026 $740,287 $742,634 $745,061 $747,562 $750,131 $752,759 $755,440 $758,165 $760,926 $763,711 Total Liabilities and Capital$386,750 $744,523 $742,880 $746,405 $755,066 $757,900 $760,824 $763,831 $766,916 $770,071 $773,289 $776,562 $779,881 Net Worth$386,750 $735,860 $738,026 $740,287 $742,634 $745,061 $747,562 $750,131 $752,759 $755,440 $758,165 $760,926 $763,711  INFORMATION AND FORMS ARE PROVIDED â€Å"AS IS† WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF 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Any such form, instruction, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports were most likely NOT prepared or reviewed by an attorney licensed to practice law in your state, and, therefore, the employees or contractors could not provide you with legal advice even if they or Docstoc wanted to. Even though we take every reasonable effort to attempt to make sure our information / forms / reports are accurate, up to-date, and useful, we recommend that you consult a lawyer licensed to practice law in your state if you want professional assurance that our information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports; your interpretation of it or them; and the information and input that you provide are appropriate to your particular situation. Application of these general principles and wording to particular circumstances should be done by a lawyer who has consulted with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles and general wording, you might want to hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains. The information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports, available on and through Docstoc are not legal advice and are not guaranteed to be correct, complete, accurate, or up-to-date. 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The information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, reports, and services in and through Docstoc are not legal advice, but are general information / forms on general issues often encountered designed to help Docstoc users, members, purchasers, and subscribers address their own needs. But information, including tips, general forms, instructions, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports, no matter how seemingly customized to conform to the laws and regulations applicable to you, is not the same as legal advice, which may be the specific application of laws and regulations by lawyers licensed to practice law in your state to the specific circumstances and needs of individuals and entities. Some states, counties, municipalities, and other governmental divisions, have highly specific laws and regulations, and our information / forms / reports may not take all those specific laws and regulations into consideration, although we tried to do so. Docstoc is not a law firm and the employees and contractors (including  attorneys, if any) of Docstoc are not acting as your attorneys, and none of them are a substitute for the advice of your own attorney licensed to practice law in your state. The employees or contractors of Docstoc, who wrote or modified any form, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports, are NOT providing legal or any other kind of advice and are not creating or entering into an Attorney-Client relationship. Any such form, instruction, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports were most likely NOT prepared or reviewed by an attorney licensed to practice law in your state, and, therefore, the employees or contractors could not provide you with legal advice even if they or Docstoc wanted to. Even though we take every reasonable effort to attempt to make sure our information / forms / reports are accurate, up to-date, and useful, we recommend that you consult a lawyer licensed to practice law in your state if you want professional assurance that our information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports; your interpretation of it or them; and the information and input that you provide are appropriate to your particular situation. Application of these general principles and wording to particular circumstances should be done by a lawyer who has consulted with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles and general wording, you might want to hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains. The information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports, available on and through Docstoc are not legal advice and are not guaranteed to be correct, complete, accurate, or up-to-date. Because the law is different from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, they are subject to changes, and there are varying interpretations and applications by different courts and governmental and administrative bodies, and Docstoc cannot guarantee—and disclaims all guarantees—that the information, forms, and reports on or through the site and services are completely current or accurate. Please further note that laws change and are regularly amended; therefore, the provisions, names, and section numbers of statutes, codes, or regulations, and the types of permits or licenses within any forms or reports, may not be 100% correct, as they may be partially or wholly out of date and some  relevant ones may have been omitted or misinterpreted. Docstoc is not permitted to engage in the practice of law. Docstoc is prohibited from providing any kind of advice, explanation, opinion, or recommendation to a consumer about possible legal rights, remedies, defenses, options, selection, or completion of forms or strategies. Communications between you and Docstoc may be protected by our Privacy Policy (http://premium.docstoc.com/privacypolicy), but are NOT protected by the attorney-client privilege or work product doctrine since Docstoc is not a law firm and is not providing legal advice. No Docstoc employee, contractor, or attorney is authorized to provide you with any advice abo ut what information (again, which includes forms) to use or how to use or complete it or them. Entire document copyright  © Docstoc ®, Inc., 2010 – 2013 All Right Reserved ———————– Business Plan for Restaurant Bar and Grill This Business Plan for a Bar and Grill Restaurant allows entrepreneurs or business owners to create a comprehensive and professional business plan. This template form allows a business to outline the company’s objectives and detail both current company information as well as any past performance. Companies should include a complete market analysis in their plan to help showcase why their business strategy will be effective in the market. Future company plans, including production targets, management strategy, and financial forecasting, should be used to demonstrate and confirm that the company’s short-term and long-term objective can and will be met. This model plan can be customized to best fit the unique needs of any entrepreneur or owner that is seeking to create a strong business plan. Business Plan for Restaurant Bar and Grill This Business Plan for a Bar and Grill Restaurant allows entrepreneurs or business owners to create a comprehensive and professional business plan. This template form allows a business to outline the company?s objectives and detail both curren[pic][?]